Chronic sinusitis is a common nasal disorder caused by prolonged inflammation of the nasal and sinus mucosa, leading to sinus ostium blockage, fluid retention, and subsequent inflammatory reactions.
It varies in types, each with distinct symptoms and treatments.
01
"Pus Crisis" — Suppurative Sinusitis
Suppurative sinusitis is a "mini-war" deep in the nose, resulting from pyogenic infections (often bacterial) of the sinus mucosa, causing purulent mucus buildup. Symptoms include yellow-green discharge, congestion, headaches, chills, and fever.
High-risk groups:
Immunocompromised individuals (children, elderly, chronic disease patients).
Those in polluted environments.
Children/teens: Underdeveloped sinuses and immature immunity.
Adults: Influenced by lifestyle and stress.
Regional factors:
Higher incidence in urbanized, polluted areas.
Humid climates with large temperature fluctuations.
Treatment:
Medications: Antibiotics, decongestants, mucolytics, nasal corticosteroids.
Surgery: For severe cases.
02
"Allergic Reaction" — Allergic Sinusitis
Allergic sinusitis stems from prolonged allergen exposure (inhaled or dietary), often progressing from allergic rhinitis. Symptoms: congestion, purulent discharge, sneezing, and potential smell loss.
Key marker: Elevated
IgE levels. Allergens bind to IgE on nasal mucosa, triggering histamine release, causing充血, edema, and excess secretions.
Treatment:
General sinusitis therapies.
Add: Antihistamines (similar to allergic rhinitis protocols).
Crucial: Allergen avoidance.
Severe cases: Desensitization therapy.
03
"Mold Invasion" — Fungal Sinusitis
Fungal (mycotic) sinusitis arises from altered sinus environments. Risk factors:
Long-term antibiotics, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, or radiation.
Immunocompromised states (e.g., diabetes, burns).
Symptoms:
Classic congestion, purulent discharge, headaches.
Blood-tinged mucus, facial pressure, foul odor, or caseous debris.
Treatment:
Mild cases: Antifungals (e.g., Itraconazole, Ketoconazole).
Surgery: Often required to remove lesions, preserve healthy mucosa, and restore sinus ventilation/drainage.
Note: Drug resistance and recurrence are common; surgery is key for lasting relief.
